Payments for Ecosystem Services – Legal and Institutional Readiness

Payments for Ecosystem Services – Legal and Institutional Readiness

Ecosystems provide services that sustain life – climate regulation, water and nutrient cycling, habitat provision, and so much more. Replicating even a fraction of the services that are freely provided by well-functioning ecosystems would cost billions of dollars, if it could be done at all. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) represent one approach to enabling investments into preserving and enhancing ecosystems and associated ecosystem services.

In practice, the success of PES depends in large part on the legal and institutional framework in a particular place. As yet, however, there are few resources for understanding legal and institutional “readiness” for PES. A new booklet from the Katoomba Group, created with funding from UNDP South Africa, attempts to address this gap by outlining a framework for assessing PES legal and institutional readiness in a particular jurisdiction. It identifies threshold conditions for PES, essential aspects to be developed in parallel with PES transactions, and legal and institutional elements that can facilitate greater efficacy and efficiency.

In practice, what is feasible or attractive in terms of concrete steps towards an enabling legal and institutional framework for PES will depend upon numerous political, economic, and other factors. Nevertheless, we hope that this framework provides a useful tool in identifying gaps and options in the particular context.

Download full publication at New Forest Trends Publication

Payments for Ecosystem Services Contract Clauses

New Online Resource – Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) Contract Clauses Library

As private and public payments for ecosystem services (PES) transactions gain wider acceptance as a tool for addressing ecosystem degradation and loss, guidance around negotiating and drafting PES agreements becomes increasingly important. In general, drafting a contract consists of adapting and modifying an existing contract, rather than beginning from scratch. Few examples exist, however, of payments for ecosystem services (PES) contracts. The lack of precedents in contracting for PES makes negotiating and drafting these agreements much more costly and time-consuming. It is also likely to put sellers, who may have little commercial experience and limited resources, at a disadvantage relative to commercially-savvy PES buyers or brokers.

 

With the support of UNDP South Africa, the Katoomba Group’s Legal Initiative, which is part of Forest Trends, has put together an online Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) Contract Clauses Library to help address this gap. This web-based resource provides background information about PES contracting and the structure of a PES agreement, as well as basic information about 20 different types of clauses that are likely to be used in these contracts, and 33 example clauses. We hope that this resource will continue to grow and will help PES participants to negotiate and draft effective and equitable PES agreements.

Download full publication here

Building Forest Carbon Projects

Forest projects around the world are working to confront the practical challenges of reducing emissions and providing local benefits. To facilitate the development of forest carbon projects, the Katoomba Incubator at Forest Trends has compiled strategic guidance to emerging best practices. Drawing on practical experiences, this series of documents includes a Step-by-Step Overview and detailed guidance documents on issues, tools and resources covering an array of project development needs.

Step-by-Step Overview and Guide -  Jacob Olander and Johannes Ebeling
REDD Guidance: Technical Project Design  – Joerg Seifert-Granzin
AR Guidance: Technical Project Design – Johannes Ebeling and Alvaro Vallejo
Carbon Stock Assessment Guidance: Inventory and Monitoring Procedures – David Diaz and Matt Delaney
Community Engagement Guidance: Good Practice for Forest Carbon Projects – Tom Blomley and Michael Richards
Legal Guidance: Legal and Contractual Aspects of Forest Carbon Projects – Slayde Hawkins
Business Guidance: Forest Carbon Marketing and Finance – Phil Covell
Social Impacts Guidance: Key Assessment Issues for Forest Carbon Projects – Michael Richards
Biodiversity Impacts Guidance: Key Assessment Issues for Forest Carbon Projects – John Pilgrim, Jonathan Ekstrom, and Johannes Ebeling

Download full report at http://www.forest-trends.org

Carbon Rights by IIED

Carbon righteousness: how to lever pro-poor benefits from REDD+

This briefing discusses the opportunities and challenges involved in the creation of a new form of private property that can be bought and sold in domestic and international markets — the ‘carbon right’. It looks at how equity and fairness can be built into this new commodity so that carbon trading schemes and REDD+ projects support the rural poor who rarely hold formal land ownership or tenure rights but are key players in putting sustainable forest management into practice on the ground.

Download the paper at IIED 

Instrument Mixes for Biodiversity Policies

Biodiversity conservation usually builds on strategies involving a wide range of policy instruments. Within these policy mixes, the use of economic instruments for biodiversity policies and maintaining the provision of ecosystem services has gained increasing attention, not least in the context of the recent TEEB initiative on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. However, what is the role of economic instruments vis-à-vis regulatory approaches in biodiversity policies? How can the various instruments be assessed in their contribution to conservation objectives, cost-effectiveness, social and distributional impacts as well as institutional requirements?

Download report!

New Report: Can Markets Protect Biodiversity?

Can Markets Protect Biodiversity? An Evaluation of Different Financial Mechanisms

This report discusses the strengths and weaknesses of increased use of market-based mechanisms in protecting biodiversity and its associated services. It has been written in response to the latest call by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity (COP 10, Nagoya) where Parties were invited to submit information concerning to what extent innovative financial mechanisms could be used to support the three objectives of the convention. Read report .

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2011 State and Trends of the Voluntary Carbon Markets

The fifth annual “State and Trends of the Voluntary Carbon Markets” report is available for download (see link at the bottom)

This year’s survey finds that the voluntary carbon market shrugged off policy failures and the closure of the Chicago Climate Exchange in 2010 to post a 34% surge in volume to a record 131 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MtCO2e) worth at least $424 million.

REDD accounted for 29% of all emissions reductions documented, thanks in part to new REDD methodologies published by the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), which provided project guidance for creating a full third of all credits documented in 2010.

The surge of REDD activity led to unprecedented market activity in the developing world.  This included a doubling of credits from Latin America, as well as more than doubling of the number of project developers and buyers headquartered in Asia, Latin America and Africa – thus laying the foundation for long-term growth in the Global South.

Published jointly by Ecosystem Marketplace, an initiative of Forest Trends, and Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the report is based on input from nearly 300 market participants and provides an atlas of voluntary carbon markets for NGOs, policymakers, and project developers. It includes a comprehensive analysis of project types, locations, and the motivations of buyers, as well as volume and price data. It  is sponsored by Carbon Trade Exchange, together with ClimateCare, Climate Friendly, Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and Emergent Ventures International (EVI).

Download full report at Ecosystem Marketplace

Review of Cambodia’s REDD Readiness

The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) and Pact are pleased to share with you our publication “Review of Cambodia’s REDD Readiness: Progress and Challenges”. The report discusses the process of developing a national REDD strategy, forest carbon accounting and MRV systems, financing, payment distribution, demonstration activities and capacity building needs in Cambodia. We believe that the report will serve as an important reference for policymakers and practitioners in Cambodia and other countries working on REDD+. The report can be downloaded from http://www.iges.or.jp/en/fc/index.html

REDD+ Project-Level Guidebook 2010

ONF International has just released a REDD+ Project-Level Guidebook “REDD+ at project scale: Evaluation and Development Guide”. It aims at supporting project promoters in developing REDD+ projects, and investors or funding agencies in their assessments of these projects. It offers insights into existing tools and key questions. On the basis of initial feedbacks from existing REDD+ projects and other more long-standing projects for natural resources management, the guide also deals with crucial aspects particularly the definition of project activities, legal and organisational issues and economic and financial assessments.

The following are the different parts of the guide-book:

* What is meant by REDD+ at project scale ?
* Determining the profile and strategy of a REDD+ project,
* Ownership of REDD+ carbon credits and how this can affect the project’s organizational structure,
* Specific methodologies for REDD+ projects,
* Assessment and certification of the social and environmental impacts of REDD+ projects,
* Financial and economic assessment of REDD+ projects

Download full REDD+ guidebook from the ONF International here for free.